Single Molecule Magnets and Single Chain Magnets Analysis

Single Molecule Magnets and Single Chain Magnets Analysis The structures and attractive properties: sub-atomic nanomagnets phenolic oxime edifices GUAN Shengyang List of chapters (Jump to) 1 Introduction 1.1 Research foundation 1.2 Introduction to nanomagnets 1.2.1 Single particle magnet 1.2.2 Single Chain magnet (attractive nanowires) 1.3 Structure of phenolic oxime and edifices 2 Researches 2.1 Iron complex 2.2 Manganese edifices 2.3 Complex containing cobalt and sodium particles 2.4 Complex containing lanthanide 3 Conclusion 4 Bibliography Dynamic The fundamental ideas expected to comprehend and display singlechain magnets will likewise be looked into. 1 Introduction 1.1 Research foundation The explores on atomic nanomagnets started from 1990s, when the principal single particle magnet (SMM) [Mn12O12(O2CPh)16(H2O)4 was investigated by Christougroup of University of Florida. [GS1]This blended valent manganese complex was found to have a strange high turn ground territory of S=10[GS2] and most elevated blocking temperature (underneath which temperature could the nanomagnets show attractive properties) in its family ([Mn12O12(O2CR)16(H2O)4], R = different). Countless SMMs have been accounted for from that point forward. These[GS3] sort of buildings show the traditional property of polarization hysteresis[GS4] and quantum properties of quantum burrowing of the charge (QTM). These underlying revelations give a sub-atomic way to deal with nano-scale attraction. Following examination of single particle magnets (SMMs) and single chain magnets (SCMs) travelers their possible applications in high-thickness data storage[GS5], quantum computing[GS6], attractive refrigeration [GS7]and so on. Nonetheless, until this point, nanomagnets found have extremely low blocking temperature (TB). So it is essential to pick suitable chelate ligands and comparing metal focuses to build a legitimate complex with properties to improve blocking temperature (TB) for viable application. Phenolic oxime is a group of mixes with nonexclusive structure appeared in Figure 1. The phenolate and oxime work gatherings could shape intramolecular hydrogen holding with its neighbor. These hydrogen holding bringing about solid coordination impact on metal particles. Such property makes phenolic oxime a decent extractant for copper[GS8] in mining industry. Itemized conversation of the phenolic oxime complex structure will be presented in SECTION 1.3 . Figure 1 general structure of phenolic oxime In this survey, information on nanomagnets will be acquainted initially with give an outline of this field. At that point the structure and attractive properties of mixes with phenolic oxime ligand will be presented. New procedures applied in blend will likewise be incorporated. It is trusted that this audit could be utilized to evaluate the capability of phenolic oxime ligand in elite nanomagnets. 1.2 Introduction to nanomagnets 1.2.1 Single particle magnet It is useful to depict the fundamental hypothesis of SMM with a model. The principal single particle magnet (SMM) [Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4] 4H2O ·2CH3CO2H[GS9] was resolved to have a S=10 ground turn state, which is contributed by the antiferromagnetic connections between 4 MnIV particles and 8 MnIII ions[GS10]. Dislike ordinary size magnet, SMM shows moderate attractive unwinding underneath a trademark blocking temperature. This marvel is clarified by the exist of a vitality hindrance in reorientation procedure of attractive second. Sessoli et.al. affirmed there exists a generally enormous zero-field parting in this particle by high-field EPR explores different avenues regarding a CO2 far-infrared laser. This hub zero-field parting prompts a parting of the S=10 state into 21 levels: - 10 , - 9 , - 8, - 7, - 6 , - 5†¦0, 1, 2, 3†¦8, 9, 10. Each level is described by a turn projection quantum number ms, comparing likely vitality: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦..(1) D:axial zero-field parting boundary. In [Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4] 4H2O ·2CH3CO2H D=-0.5cm-1 Figure 2 Figure 1. PovRay portrayal of the center of[Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4] 4H2O ·2CH3CO2H, indicating the general places of the MnIV particles (concealed circles), MnIII particles (strong circles), and  µ3-O2 spans (open circles[GS11]). Figure 3: Plot of possible vitality of various turn state versus charge bearing From Figure 3, it could be realized that the parting of potential vitality levels bringing about a potential vitality obstruction during the time spent changing the attractive second. For the model SMM, this boundary equivalents to E(ms=0)- E(ms=à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±10à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡)=100D. Because of the little estimation of D, this obstruction could be handily crossed in room temperature. On the off chance that example SMM is polarized at 1.5K, the attractive unwinding time turns out to be too long to even consider measuring. At the point when fitted into Arrhenius relationship: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(2) The attractive anisotropy of the SMM is brought about by the structure of the eight MnIII particles. Each MnIII particle with in octahedral gem shows Jahnâ€Teller contortion. These distortion[GS12] along with turn orbital association offer ascent to the simple pivot kind of magnetoanisotropy. To finish up, a run of the mill SMM comprises of an internal attractive center with an encompassing shell of natural ligands. The ideal SMM requires very much segregated framework which show high turn ground state (S) with a high attractive anisotropy of the simple pivot (Ising) type. The trouble is: high turn ground state frequently demands for a few cores, however the attractive direction of every cores will in general comply with Maximum Entropy Models. Along these lines, the most elevated magnetoanisotropy of a particle couldn’t be accomplished without any problem. A few investigates show that supplanting attractive center with lanthanide[GS13] particles or utilizing single nuclearity spincluster [GS14]could keep away from this issue. Their methodologies will be talked about in SECTION 2. 1.2.2 Single Chain magnet (attractive nanowires) While bunches of SMM can be considered as zero dimensional material, it is conceivable that one dimensional materials, for example, nanowires display moderate attractive unwinding and hysteresis impacts which are not related with three-dimensional (3D) request. At 1963, Glauber[GS15] anticipated one measurement Ising model (simple pivotal) would show charge unwinding under low temperature. Because of inadequate information here and rigid conditions required in the combination methodology, scientific expert wasn’t have the option to discover any confirmations to help or against the forecast, until Gatteschi et al effectively blend [Co(hfac)2(NITPhOMe[GS16])] in 2001. Figure 4 Structure of NITPhOMe=4†²-methoxy-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide Figure 5 Drawing of unit cell of[Co(hfac)2(NITPhOMe)2]. Enormous dim circles speak to the metal particles. Hydrogen, fluorine, and a large portion of the methyl carbon molecules have been overlooked for lucidity The structure of the SCM comprises of Co(hfac)2 and radicals masterminded in helices on the other hand( Figure 5). In this one dimensional structure, the attractive center (octahedral cobalt(II) focuses) has by and large S=1/2 and shows simple pivot of polarization in the chain direction[SG17]. Definite examination of ranges could be found in Caneschi’s report in 2001. To close, three basic conditions are requirement for structure SCMs: 1) the proportion of the connection and communications is exceptionally enormous. 2) the material must carry on as a 1D Ising ferro-or ferrimagnet. This requires the structure square or the center of the chain have huge ground state turn. 3) the interchain cooperations ought to be limited to stay away from the attraction of the material be related with three-dimensional (3D) request. This last condition additionally apply for SMMs. 1.3 Structure of phenolic oxime and buildings Metal buildings with a planar, electronically delocalized structure have demonstrated especially appealing for advancement of helpful electronic properties due to the solid moleculeâ€molecule communications that can emerge from Ï€-stacking of the planar units 2 Researches 2.1 3d nanomagnet Numerous 3d nanomagnets have been integrated and investigated on since the first SMM was found. f hexanuclear MnIII SMMs dependent on the complex [MnIII6O2(sao)6(O2CH)2(EtOH)4](saoH2=salicylaldoxime[GS18])9-12 Turn Switching through Targeted Structural Distortion 2.2 Iron complex Variety of alkyl bunches on the ligand fromt-octyl ton-propyl empowered electronic seclusion of the buildings in the precious stone structures of M(L1)2contrasting with Ï€-stacking collaborations for M(L2)2(M = Ni, Cu). This was confirm by a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chain for Cu(L2)2but perfect paramagnetic conduct for Cu(L1)2down to 1.8 K. 2.3 Complex containing cobalt and sodium particles 2.4 Complex containing lanthanide Albeit numerous attractive progress metal edifices have been blended, the temperature required for change metal complex to display charge unwinding (for example blocking temperature) is excessively low. Henceforth lanthanide metals were acquainted with the complex to build the blocking temperature. 4 Bibliography [GS1]R. Sessoli, H.- L. Tsai, A.R. Schake, S. Wang, J.B. Vincent, K. Folting, D. Gatteschi, G. Christou,â and D.N. Hendrickson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115â (1993) p. 1804. Sessoli, R.; Tsai, H.- L.; Schake, A.R.; Wang, S.; Vincent, J.B.; Folting, K.; Gatteschi, D.; Christou, G.; Hendrickson, D.N.J. Am. Chem. Soc.1993, 115, 1804-1816. [GS2]à ¥Ã‚ Ã…'à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã… à ¦-†¡ [GS3]Resonant polarization burrowing in the half-whole number turn single-atom magnet [PPh4][Mn12O1

MANAGING FINANCIAL INFORMATION ( part 2 ) Essay

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How To Host Subdomain On Different Server Account

How To Host Subdomain On Different Server Account Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How To Host Subdomain On Different Server AccountUpdated On 08/02/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Web HostingShort URL : http://hbb.me/23SV1lw CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIf you are planning to point or host subdomain on different server web hosting, then you dont need to worry much, its just a small record change.Recently we were experimenting with our blogs subdomain for hosting a forum. We had so many choices like bbPress, Discourse, and other open source forums, so we decided to give each a try on our demo blogs before finalizing one. HellBound Bloggers (HBB) is hosted on A Small Orange (ASO) at the moment, but we wanted to test our forum on our subdomain on a different server, we picked InMotion Hosting for this.WANT TO HAVE A WORDPRESS.ORG BLOG ON YOUR (SUB)DOMAIN NAME?How To Install WordPress.org With Your cPanel (Simple Guide)Even though I know this is p ossible with the help of type A record, I havent personally done this much anywhere. So I decided to share my experience + this simple tip to point your subdomain to a different server account, thanks to DNS configuration.You can do this via two ways:1) Using your Domain Registrar (say GoDaddy)2) Using your Web Hosting Provider (say InMotion Hosting)But unfortunately, some of the domain registrars wont allow us to edit their DNS records if we are not hosting with them, if you face any such issues, then you can always opt for the cPanel option, which is pretty same and easy.READVirtual Private Server (VPS) Explained!Host Subdomain On Different ServerLog into your cPanel account. Head over to the Domains section, under that, pick the Advanced Zone Editor option. You can refer the screenshot below:Now, well be adding a type A record so that your subdomain points to a different server. Pick the Type as A, Name as the subdomain name (say blog, forum, etc.), TTL (Time-to-live) as default one or 14400, and Address as your I.P. Address of the server you want to host your subdomain. If you are not sure about the IP Address, you can contact your web hosting support or check your welcome/installation email.Do check what you have typed twice or thrice, then click on the Add Record button. Thats all you have to do.HELLBOUND BLOGGERS (HBB) PARTNERS WITH INMOTION HOSTING (25% OFF FOR YOU):Check Out InMotion Hosting For %25 Off Discount (Exclusive For HBB Readers)Thats it! Now you have to wait for some time for the DNS to propagate. We did this for our forum recently, and it worked like a charm. If you have any other queries do let us know in the comments below.

My Life For A Road Trip - 1323 Words

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Religion Is Good For Kids - 1158 Words

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Jewels from Tombs of Ancient Nubia Include Rare Works of Gold and Precious Materials BOSTON, MA (June 23, 2014)—A world-class collection of jewels from ancient Nubia at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA), will go on view this summer in Gold and the Gods: Jewels of Ancient Nubia. The MFA’s collection of Nubian adornments is the most comprehensive outside Khartoum—the result of an early 20th-century expedition by the Museum with Harvard University. The exhibition opens on July 19, and includes works by Nubian goldsmiths and jewelers, who were among the most innovative in the ancient world. Featuring some 100 excavated ornaments dating from 1700 BC to AD 300, which will be on view in the Rita J. and Stanley H. Kaplan Family Foundation Gallery, the exhibition explores the royal tombs of kings and queens, which were filled with elaborate jewelry such as necklaces, amulets, stacked bracelets and earrings. The MFA is unique in its ability to mount an exhibition of Nubian jewelry and adornment drawn exclusively from its own collection. In addition to gold––Nubia’s most important commodity––jewelry in the exhibition incorporates precious materials such as lapis lazuli (imported from Afghanistan), blue chalcedony (imported from Turkey), amethystine quartz and carnelian, as well as enamel and glass––both of which were rare and valuable new technologies at the time. The exhibition is accompanied by a fully illustrated MFA Publication on Nubian jewelry. â€Å"The Nubian Nile valley wasShow MoreRelatedStolen Egyptian Artifacts1836 Words   |  8 Pagestheir soil, and in their museums. The only problem is, is that the countries that have these artifacts will not give them back because they are afraid the relics are not safe in Egypt. The British Museum in London stated that these early examples of ancient artwork, religion, and writing belong to all mankind, not just Egypt. To understand why some believe the artifacts are not safe, one need to understand Egypt. Egypt is located north of Sudan, east of Libya, west of Saudi Arabia, Israel, Jordan

Corporate Governance and Ethics for Poor Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Governance and Ethics for Poor Management. Answer: Conclusion To conclude, as per my opinion the Hastie Group failed due to its poor management of the international operations. The directors have breached their duties as it was found that the companys risk committee and audit was inactive to a large extent. In addition to this, the board also did not have any inquiring mind. The corporate governance principles should have been applied in an effective manner in order to yield better outcomes. The acquisition strategy could have been implemented in a better manner. Moreover, the operational management processes could have been better and in an adequate manner, in order to gain competitive advantage. There were other issues like inappropriate management reporting systems, board reporting systems, financial reports and others. Bibliography Rose, P., Sharfman, B. S. (2014). Shareholder Activism as a Corrective Mechanism in Corporate Governance.BYU L. Rev., 1015.

Family History. Why Bother - The Writers For Hire

FAMILY HISTORY. WHY BOTHER? Discovering your family history can be a wonderful and fascinating journey. Whether it is simply out of curiosity, or for the purpose of preserving history for future generations, there are a lot of benefits to finding out where we came from. Top 10 Reasons to Learn your Family History 1. Genetic health concerns Learning about any medical conditions that our ancestors had can help us be aware of possible concerns we should have about our own health (and therefor, prepare us to take any necessary preventative measures). 2. Family traditions Who doesn’t love the idea of celebrating holidays the way our ancestors used to celebrate, and having family traditions to pass down to future generations?!? 3. Inspiration Our ancestors lived through some hard times. Learning about their lives and their experiences can help us to be more resilient and inspire us to push through difficulties we may face in our own lives. 4. Core Identity Learning about where we came from, and the people who came before us, can help us establish a stronger sense of who we really are. 5. Family connection Discovering information about our ancestors and where we came from can help build and strengthen relationships with the family that surrounds us now. 6. Reconnecting Learning about your family history can actually help you to re-connect with long-lost relatives, and maybe even help you find relatives you never even knew existed. 7. Community Finding out about your ancestors can give you a stronger sense of community. Understanding the contributions that your ancestors made in the community in which you live can give you a sense of belonging, and a feeling of connection with other members of the community. 8. Life Advice Words of wisdom from the older generation is a valuable gift that we can pass down to future generations. 9. History Lessons Through researching your ancestors, you can actually get a great history lesson on what was going on in the world during the times in which they were living. These history lessons are important in preventing us from repeating mistakes of the past. 10. Global Awareness Learning about the places where your ancestors came from can help you see just how connected everyone is on a global level. It can also help you feel like you are part of something bigger than yourself.

Free English Essays

Free English Essays Free English Essays Free English Essays Free English essays should be used with caution.   Firstly, it is very unwise to submit free English essays as your own writings.   Secondly, free English essays may not correspond to your specific essay question.   What is the solution?   Read the free sample of English essays, decide whether you can write your own essay, and order professional essay writing service! Our English essay writers can write an essay on any topic!   All English essays are written from scratch and contain no plagiarism. is a trusted site hiring responsible writers. Free English essays - sample on society "Societies" can't make the kinds of conscious risk assessments that informed individuals do. Instead, those decisions are made by small subsets of the society, with most individuals (including many leaders) unaware that they are being made. Furthermore, although questions of intergenerational equity do play a role in individual risk assessment (women will, for example, avoid consuming substances in pregnancy they think may later harm their children), we believe that it should play a much larger role in social risk-taking. Social systems have adapted to the consequences of inevitable individual deaths. But should our generation's "decision" to wipe out much of Earth's biodiversity be carried out, the consequences could plague our descendants for a hundred thousand generations or more. The consequences of mistakes in social risk-taking can be therefore much more widespread and long-lasting than those of individual risk-taking. As has often been said about the extinction crisis, we are not just causing the deaths of many other organisms, we are causing an end to their births. To most people, the latter is a much grimmer consequence, be it for rhinos or for humanity. Since the probability of the extinction of many organisms is very high and the consequences are deemed very serious, the risk being run by not dealing effectively with the extinction crisis is gigantic. Social risk-benefit decisions differ from personal ones in another important way. The kinds of risks one faces day to day tend to be familiar and easily perceived, as are the benefits. Most of us have seen many automobile accidents, if not in person, then on the evening news. The risks one runs in driving are part of everyday life, but so is the convenience of personal transportation. Virtually everyone over fifty has seen a friend or relative die miserably of cancer and has lost someone close from a heart attack. Costs that are thought to lie far in the future may be heavily discounted - †the "getting lung cancer in my seventies is a small price to pay for the joy of smoking until then" syndrome. But easily perceived risks are often ignored if one values the benefits highly enough. Skydivers are in no doubt about the potential costs of the chute are not opening but know the exhilaration of the drop. Many regularly confront the zero infinity dilemma of jumping out of an airplan e for the fun of it and accept the risk. Custom Writing Of course, not every person is fascinated with writing. I know many people who hate writing.   You can be an excellent speaker but essay writing may cause uncontrollable nervousness.   If you really care about your academic achievements, do not hesitate to use professional English essay writing services.   Your essay will be written from scratch, meet all requirements, and guarantee positive results.

Role of Phytooestrogen in the Prevention of Breast Cancer Coursework

Role of Phytooestrogen in the Prevention of Breast Cancer - Coursework Example They have been suggested to have anticarcinogenic potential (Boccardo et al, 2006). Plant lignans are currently being widely studied for their potential benefits for human health as their consumption has been correlated with lower risks for developing chronic diseases, such as breast cancer and coronary heart disease. However, studies of some classes of lignans, in particular the furofurans, are hampered by the lack of suitable standards to allow accurate analysis (Haajanen and Botting, 2006). A study investigating the association between lignan intake and breast cancer in the early 1980s included small groups of women who were classified as vegetarian, or meat-eating. Over the course of 1 year, the concentrations of lignans excreted in their urine were compared with those of breast cancer patients who had had small breast tumours removed by surgery. The women with breast-cancer had a tendency to excrete smaller concentrations of lignans than vegetarians (Lamartiniere, 2000). Isoflavonoids and lignans are diet constituents with chemo-preventive properties. They occur in certain vegetables as their glycosides from which they are released by the bacterial micro-flora in the gut. The mechanisms by which these agents interfere with the process of carcinogenesis are only poorly understood. Although many epidemiological studies have shown that a phytoestrogen-rich diet, in which isoflavones and lignans are both found, is protective against breast cancer development (Lamartiniere, 2000) the use of soy and its isoflavone GEN by postmenopausal breast cancer patients is controversial (Duncan et al, 2003). The mammalian phytoestrogens enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) are produced in the colon by the action of bacteria on the plant precursors matairesinol (MAT), secoisolariciresinol (SECO), their glycosides, and other precursors in the diet. Both END and ENL have been shown to possess weakly estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities, and it has been suggested that the high production of these antiestrogenic mammalian lignans in the gut may serve to protect against breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Various in vitro experiments suggested END and ENL significantly inhibited the growth of human colon tumor cells, and the E2-induced proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was inhibited by ENL (Wang, 2002). Human Studies Till now, the evidence for a cancer-protective role of dietary nutrients, particularly those with antioxidant properties, has been based on women without any known genetic pre-disposition and it is important to identify and evaluate dietary factors which may modify the risk of cancer in BRCA carriers. Diet modification may modulate the risk of hereditary breast cancer by decreasing DNA damage (possibly linked to estrogen exposure) or by enhancing DNA repair. The prevention of hereditary breast cancer through diet is an attractive complement to current management strategies and deserves exploration (Kotsopoulos and Narod, 2005). In a recent study by Lambert et al six lignans, including the cyclolignan 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-6,7 cyclolignan, were isolated from the flowering tops of Larrea tridentata. Furthermore the flavanone, (S)-4, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, was isolated

Premier oil company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Premier oil company - Essay Example This paper will use the Porter’s forces to analyze Premier Oil environment. Force One: Buyer Bargaining Power The negotiating power of purchasers for Premier Oil is fairly moderate but projected to increase due to high demand from emerging nations in Africa and Asia and their energy demands will have to be met. Crude oil, therefore, is extremely crucial as these emerging nations use a projected 20% of energy supplied from oil. Intrinsically, in the present day world, oil has grown more into a commodity rather than a necessity owing to the underscoring of greener, alternate energy such as hydrogen-cell power-driven vehicles (Financial Times 2013). Force Two: Threat of Substitutes The lure of alternate energy has inflicted a bigger problem to the crude oil business today than it has ever had. Alternatives for bio-fuel or hydrogen cell driven vehicles are easily available to the people. Even nowadays, homes are fitted with solar-energy panels plus they are subsidized by governmen t subventions to counterbalance the huge startup costs required. The implications of automobile to the environment have rendered to the innovation of ‘bridge technologies’ or techno-fixes. This is because crude oil products such petroleum when used in automobile they release harmful gases into the environment. The availability of these techno-fixes is to offer an alternative for petroleum; such include hydrogen gas as energy. In respect to industrial life cycle, these techno-fixes represent the decline phase in which the industry may be supplemented by a new substitutes. However, while oil is even now a main energy fabricator, the premier oil company must study and develop fresh product, which can contend with these options. This is crucial for sustainability as well as for the productivity and development of the firm (History 2009). Force Three: Supplier Power The suppliers’ bargaining influence is low owing to the many corporations, which are frontrunnerswithin the oil business. The multinational companies, which entirely regulate the integration system forward and backward, power the immense bargaining influence of suppliers. The oligarchy system operates in favor of oil corporations, which provide distinct and exclusive products, which are ‘green friendly’ too to the surroundings. This alternative or ‘green friendly’ energy also poses a risk to the market-share since it generates future rivals to obtain market-share through their eco-friendly alternatives. Lastly, the multinational companies like premier oil hold a well-recognized brand image, which generates customer loyalty as well as similar familiarities for the contractors (Financial Times 2013). In respect to industrial life cycle, the phase where a company has established the dominant design is the innovation phase. Premier oil is always striving to acquire innovations and technologies to meet the consumer needs. Force Four: Rivalry amid Existing Busines ses The competitiveness within the business is very great and the bantam room for growth goes unmerited. The total number of other multinational oil companies vertically incorporated throughout diverse regions from the continent to

Placenta Previa Essay Example for Free

Placenta Previa Essay The topic I have chosen for my journal is placenta previa. My patient, 39-year-old M.C came in to the hospital for her fourth cesarean delivery. She has three healthy children that are twenty, ten and two years old. She is not a good candidate for vaginal birth because she has an android or heart shaped pelvis. The birth of her first child resulted in an emergency cesarean delivery and she has opted to have planned cesarean deliveries since then. During this pregnancy M. C had preeclampsia, which is an increase in blood pressure after 20 weeks gestation, which is also commonly accompanied by protenuria. During this pregnancy M.C also had placenta previa, which is a placental implantation in the lower uterine segment over or near the internal os of the cervix (Buckley Schub, 2013). M.C did not have this complication in her other 3 pregnancies. It is a very rare occasion occurring in only 2 per 1,000 births or 0.3-0.5% of all pregnancies in the United States. Placenta previa occurs during the second or third trimester. There are three types of placenta previa, which are total, partial and marginal. M.C presented with marginal placenta previa also known as low lying, which occurs when the edge of the placenta reaches the internal cervical os (Buckley Schub, 2013). The cause of placenta previa is not known but it may be from abnormal vascularization due to a prior uterine injury (Buckley Schub, 2013). M.C presented with vaginal bleeding during her pregnancy and that is when she found out about her condition. Placenta previa is the most common cause of bleeding in the second half of pregnancy (Buckley Schub, 2013). If a patient presents with sudden, painless vaginal bleeding beyond 20 weeks gestation than placenta previa should be suspected. If placenta previa is suspected the use of a transvaginal ultrasound is the most useful diagnostic tool and has an accuracy of 100% in diagnosing placenta previa. After M.C was diagnosed with placenta previa she was ordered to be on bed rest for the rest of her pregnancy and was monitored very closely by her obstetrician. There are many potential complications that come with placenta previa and a few are premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, anemia, infection disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, renal failure, thrombophlebitis and maternal or fetal death (Buckley Schub, 2013). According to Buckley Schub, (2013) â€Å" for women who have had multiple cesarean deliveries the risk for placenta previa can reach 10%† and M.C had three previous cesarean sections which could be a reason why she developed this condition. M.C was carrying a boy and placenta previa is also more common in pregnancies with male fetuses (Buckley Schub, 2013). Fortunately M.C was able to carry her baby boy to term but 50% of women with placenta previa have a preterm delivery. The treatment goals for patients with placenta previa is to monitor the mothers vital signs, vaginal bleeding and watch for physiologically signs of hemorrhage, shock and infection. Closely monitor the fetal heart tones for any type of distress such as bradycardia, tachycardia and late and variable decelerations. Closely monitor post-surgical patients for bleeding, infection and other complications. Assess the patient’s anxiety level and any knowledge deficits the patient might have regarding placenta previa. Provide the patient is emotional support, education regarding the condition and reassurance that the prognosis is usually good.

What’s in a Name? :: essays papers

What’s in a Name? I have always been very proud of everything that I have accomplished in my life. I am proud of one thing more than anything else; my heritage. Ever since I was a child I was told all about my grandparents and their trek from Denmark to the United States. I was curious what their homeland was like, but it never seemed to be a topic of discussion. My grandmother boasted the Danish flag in her home, and displayed little trinkets that said â€Å"velkomen† on them. My knowledge was limited to these few things I saw when I was a child. Since both of my grandparents had passed away, I started my research by picking up the phone and calling my father. My father, Larry Jensen, didn’t know very much about Denmark either. He knew a few names from his family and their birth dates, so I started from there. I hit the internet with my newly obtained knowledge and I searched for anything that could link me to my past. I did not find anything about any of my specific relatives, but I learned about how and why I got my last name. Apparently, Danish people did not have last names until the late 19th century when new laws were introduced forcing them to take on a surname. The common people of Denmark didn’t use family names to identify themselves. Before it was required to have a last name, people used patronymics, meaning they took on their father’s first name with an ending to make their last name. It was also common for people in a town that was large to use their occupation or place of residence as a last name. Many of the girls would get the father’s first name with â€Å"datter† or â€Å"dot ter† attached to it (meaning daughter of.) The boys would get their father’s first name with â€Å"sen† or â€Å"son† attached to it (meaning son of.) In Denmark, â€Å"datter† and â€Å"dotter† meant the same thing, just as â€Å"sen,† and â€Å"son† were the same thing (Origins of Danish Names). The name Jensen, meaning â€Å"son of Jens,† has many different spellings. The Dutch forms of Jensen are Jans, Johansen, Janse, Jansen, Janssen, Hoensen and Janzen. The root of all of these names comes from the stem or the variation of a stem, which is Jan.

Kidney Stone Ncp

Kidney Stone Care Plan Admitting Diagnoses: Client not being admitted at this time Current Diagnosis: Ureteral Calculi Other Medical Diagnoses: HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Kidney stones, Smokes Tobacco, Tonsillectomy-child age yrs. Pathophysiology: Urinary calculi are solid particles in the urinary system. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and, possibly, chills and fever due to secondary infection. Diagnosis is based on urinalysis and radiologic imaging, usually noncontrast helical CT. Treatment is with analgesics, antibiotics for infection, and, sometimes, shock wave lithotripsy or endoscopic procedures.About 1/1000 adults in the US is hospitalized annually because of urinary calculi, which are also found in about 1% of all autopsies. Up to 12% of men and 5% of women will develop a urinary calculus by age 70. Calculi vary from microscopic crystalline foci to calculi several centimeters in diameter. A large calculus, called a staghorn calculus, can fill an entire renal calyc eal system. About 85% of calculi in the US are composed of Ca, mainly Ca oxalate. Composition of urinary calculi; 10% are uric acid; 2% are cystine; most of the remainder are Mg ammonium phosphate (struvite).General risk factors include disorders that increase urinary salt concentration, either by increased excretion of Ca or uric acid salts, or by decreased excretion of urine or citrate. Urinary calculi may remain within the renal parenchyma or renal pelvis or be passed into the ureter and bladder. During passage, calculi may irritate the ureter and may become lodged, obstructing urine flow and causing hydroureter and sometimes hydronephrosis. (Preminger, MD, 2012) Common areas of lodgment include the ureteropelvic junction, the distal ureter, and the ureterovesical junction.Larger calculi are more likely to become lodged. Typically, a calculus must have a diameter > 5 mm to become lodged. Calculi ? 5 mm are likely to pass spontaneously. Even partial obstruction causes decreased gl omerular filtration, which may persist briefly after the calculus has passed. With hydronephrosis and elevated glomerular pressure, renal blood flow declines, further worsening renal function. Generally, however, in the absence of infection, permanent renal dysfunction occurs only after about 28 days of complete obstruction.Secondary infection can occur with long-standing obstruction, but most patients with Ca-containing calculi do not have infected urine. Preminger, MD, G. M. (n. d. ). Nephrolithiasis; stones; urolithiasis. Retrieved from http://www. merckmanuals. com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi. html Textbook clinical symptoms: The major manifestation of stones is severe pain, commonly called renal colic. Flank pain suggests the stone is located in the kidney or upper ureter. Flank pain that extends toward the abdomen or to the scrotum and testes or the vulva suggests that stones are in the ureters or bladder.Nausea, vomiting, pallor, and d iaphoresis often accompany the pain. Frequency or dysuria occurs when a stone reaches the bladder. (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010) pg 1571 Actual symptoms: Flank pain extending toward the abdomen, dizziness, sweating, and nausea w/o vomiting. Patient states his pain is an 8/10 on the pain scale. Pain is described as constant and sharp with no alleviating factors. Complications or potential complications: Potential; Hydroureter, hematuria, hydronephrosis, abrasion, oliguria or anuria, and infection. Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010) pg 1571-1572 Safety Issues: Fall risk level – Low, but still a potential complication from patient’s c/o dizziness from pain. Delegation Issues: Assist patient when ambulating. |Client Data | |Age | |38 | |Physical Exam (include all body systems) | (Physical Exam) | |Age | |38 | | | |Male | | | |Height | |69. in | |Weight | |180lb | |Temp | |99F | |Pulse | |90 | |Apical Pulse | |88 | |Resp | |20 | |BP | |169/71 | |BP supine | |( Noted | |O2 Saturation | |100% RA | | | | | |NEURO: nonfocal, AXOX4, c/o pain. |HEENT: Denies headache; PERRLA, Ears unobstructed, symmetrical, no loss of hearing, Nares are clear, w/o drainage or obstruction, Oropharynx is clear w/ | |membranes pink in color and intact, Neck is supple with full range of motion, | |INTEGUMENT: Skin warm, moist-diaphoretic, intact w/saline lock in RU-AC, dressing is clean, intact, non-tender, free of redness. | |CARDIOVASCULAR: No JVD noted, apical pulse regular at 88bpm, S1/S2 auscultated, no c/o chest pain/pressure | |distal pulses palpated in all extremities, capillary refill

Alfred Charles Kinsey s The Reception Of The Kinsey

Alfred Charles Kinsey vs. Historian Dagmar Herzog Alfred Charles Kinsey altered the way in which people of the twentieth century understood homosexuality. Kinsey’s findings created a great deal of discussion and controversy that became an enduring part of American culture. Historian Dagmar Herzog’s work The Reception of the Kinsey Reports in Europe observed European and American reactions to both volumes of Kinsey’s work. Alfred Charles Kinsey’s work supports and challenges Historian Dagmar Herzog’s findings. Alfred Charles Kinsey’s work supports Historian Dagmar Herzog’s findings on European activists’ views over the Kinsey Scale. However, Alfred Charles Kinsey’s work also challenges Historian Dagmar Herzog’s findings on Europeans’†¦show more content†¦The scale ranged from zero, for exclusively heterosexual with no experience with or desire for sexual activity with their same sex, to six, for exclusively homosexual with no experience with or desire for sexual activity with those of the opposite sex, and one through five for varying levels of desire or sexual activity with either sex (â€Å"The Kinsey Institute – Kinsey Sexuality Rating Scale,† n.d.). The Kinsey Scale made homosexual behavior, not only more common, but also less pathological. Alfred Charles Kinsey’s work supports Historian Dagmar Herzog’s findings by comparing Europeans’ reactions to Kinsey’s research on homosexuality. With Americans’ reactions Kinsey’s research had a profound effect on the gay subculture in the United States (â€Å"The Kinsey Institute – Kinsey Sexuality Rating Scale,† n.d.). However, it also impacted homosexuals in other parts of the world. Historian Dagmar Herzog argues that activists for homosexual rights in France and West Germany were thrilled by Kinsey’s research that showed heterosexual and homosexual behaviors as being on a continuum rather than as a dichotomy between gay and straight (Herzog, 2006). This is ultimately due to the fact that in West Germany homosexuality was still illegal and in